How does AngularJS handle large-scale frontend testing architecture?

AngularJS supports scalable testing using unit tests for services, directive tests, and end-to-end testing frameworks.

Testing architecture in AngularJS involves isolating services for unit testing, mocking dependencies using $provide, and testing directives with compiled DOM. End-to-end testing ensures integration correctness. At scale, test coverage must align with module boundaries to ensure maintainability.