How does Azure Service Bus handle back-pressure and load spikes?

Back-pressure is handled using queue buffering, rate limiting, and consumer scaling.

Azure Service Bus naturally absorbs load spikes by acting as a buffer between producers and consumers. Producers can continue sending messages while consumers process them at their own pace. To handle sustained load, scaling consumers horizontally, adjusting PrefetchCount, and using message sessions help distribute processing efficiently. Additionally, controlling concurrency and applying throttling prevents system overload.