Explain Future and Promise patterns.

Updated Apr 28, 2026

Short answer

Objects that act as proxies for a result that is initially unknown, usually because the computation of its value is yet incomplete.

Deep explanation

Mid-level concurrency focuses on coordination patterns. The goal is to move beyond simple 'locks' and use high-level abstractions provided by the language or framework (like Thread Pools) to ensure scalability.

Real-world example

A database connection pool limiting the number of simultaneous connections to 20.

Common mistakes

  • Using a heavy Mutex for a scenario where 99% of operations are Reads.

Follow-up questions

  • What is the 'Condition' variable in a lock?

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