What is Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture in Deep Learning and why is it important for scalable AI systems?

Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a scalable neural architecture where only selected specialized subnetworks are activated per input, dramatically increasing model capacity while controlling computational cost.

As AI systems scale toward trillions of parameters, dense architectures become computationally expensive because every parameter participates in every forward pass.

Mixture of Experts introduces sparse activation.

Core idea:

Architecture Components:

3.…