eBPF for Observability and Security.

eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) allows running sandboxed programs directly within the Linux kernel without changing kernel source code.

eBPF hooks into the kernel at a low level, intercepting system calls, network packets, and CPU instructions. This provides unprecedented visibility and security enforcement with near-zero overhead. Tools like Cilium use eBPF in Kubernetes to replace iptables for highly scalable networking and observability.