What is t-SNE and how does it work?

Updated May 16, 2026

Short answer

t-SNE is a nonlinear technique that preserves local structure in data visualization.

Deep explanation

It converts distances into probability distributions and minimizes divergence between high-dimensional and low-dimensional similarities using KL divergence.

Real-world example

Visualizing word embeddings in NLP.

Common mistakes

  • Interpreting global distances in t-SNE plots.

Follow-up questions

  • Why is t-SNE good for visualization?
  • Does t-SNE preserve global structure?

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