How do you handle N+1 query problems in EF Core?

The N+1 problem occurs when a query fetches a list of N entities, and then makes an additional query for each entity to fetch related data.

It is typically caused by lazy loading or loop-based explicit loading. To resolve it, use Eager Loading (.Include()) to fetch data in a single JOIN query, or use Split Queries (.AsSplitQuery()) to fetch related data in distinct, highly optimized batched queries.