What is normalization and why is it required?

Updated May 16, 2026

Short answer

Normalization scales numerical features into a standard range, usually 0 to 1.

Deep explanation

Normalization ensures that features with different scales do not bias machine learning models. It is especially important for distance-based algorithms like KNN and gradient-based models.

Real-world example

In recommendation systems, normalization prevents high-value features from dominating similarity calculations.

Common mistakes

  • Applying normalization after splitting incorrectly or ignoring outliers.

Follow-up questions

  • What is difference between normalization and standardization?
  • When should normalization not be used?

More Feature Engineering interview questions

View all →