What is Laravel advanced database sharding strategy for horizontal scaling?

Database sharding splits data across multiple databases to improve scalability and reduce load.

Sharding divides large datasets into smaller, independent databases based on a shard key such as user_id or region. Laravel does not provide built-in sharding, but it can be implemented using custom database managers or multi-connection logic. This improves performance and scalability but introduces complexity in querying, migrations, and cross-shard joins.