How does LINQ handle ordering stability across different providers?

LINQ guarantees stable ordering in-memory, but database ordering depends on explicit ORDER BY clauses.

LINQ-to-Objects preserves order stability when using OrderBy, meaning equal keys retain original order. However, in LINQ-to-Entities, ordering is translated to SQL ORDER BY, and stability depends on database behavior. Without explicit ordering, relational databases do not guarantee result order, leading to inconsistent pagination results.