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Explain advanced distributed consensus algorithms (Raft/Paxos) and their relevance to PHP systems.

Updated May 24, 2026

Short answer

Consensus algorithms ensure distributed nodes agree on a single source of truth, enabling reliable coordination in fault-tolerant systems.

Deep explanation

Distributed systems require agreement despite failures, network partitions, and latency.

  1. Paxos
  • theoretical foundation
  • complex but correct
  • used in Google systems
  1. Raft
  • simpler, more practical
  • leader election
  • log replication
  • log consistency

Core concepts:

  • leader node
  • followers
  • log replication
  • majority quorum

How it relates to PHP systems:

  • used indirectly via etcd, Kubernetes
  • database clustering
  • distributed locking systems

Failure handling:

  • node crash recovery
  • network partition resolution
  • log reconciliation…

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