How does Rails handle large-scale system design using clean architecture principles?

Clean architecture in Rails separates concerns into entities, use cases, interface adapters, and frameworks.

Clean architecture structures Rails apps into layers where business rules are independent of frameworks. Entities contain core business logic, use cases orchestrate workflows, interface adapters handle controllers and serializers, and frameworks like Rails or ActiveRecord sit at the outer layer. This improves maintainability, testability, and long-term scalability in enterprise systems.