How does Rails handle large-scale data governance and compliance (GDPR/PII systems)?

Rails enforces data governance through encryption, audit logs, data retention policies, and access control mechanisms.

Compliance systems ensure sensitive data like PII is protected under regulations such as GDPR. Rails applications implement encryption at rest and in transit, audit logs for tracking access, and data retention policies for deletion requests. Access to sensitive fields is restricted using authorization layers and masking strategies.