How does Rails handle large-scale distributed job orchestration with failure recovery?

Rails uses Sidekiq, retry policies, dead-letter queues, and workflow orchestration systems for reliable job execution.

At scale, background jobs must handle retries, partial failures, and dependencies. Rails uses Sidekiq queues with retry mechanisms and exponential backoff. Dead-letter queues capture failed jobs after retry exhaustion. Advanced systems integrate workflow engines like Temporal to manage durable execution and compensation logic.