How does Rails handle large-scale microservices communication patterns?

Rails microservices communicate using synchronous APIs (REST/GraphQL) and asynchronous messaging (Kafka/RabbitMQ).

In distributed architectures, Rails services often interact through HTTP APIs for real-time requests and message brokers for eventual consistency. Synchronous calls are simple but tightly coupled, while asynchronous messaging decouples services and improves resilience. Patterns like saga orchestration and event sourcing are used for complex workflows.