Analyze the mechanics of Dynamic Constants and constant resolution vulnerabilities.

Constants in Ruby are mutable and resolved lexicographically via nesting paths (Module.nesting), falling back to the inheritance chain if not found.

Unlike many languages where constants are immutable values fixed at compile time, Ruby constants are dynamic and can be modified or reassigned at runtime (which triggers a warning). Constant resolution follows a specific lookup path: it first checks the current lexical nesting via Module.nesting, then searches up the superclass inheritance chain of the surrounding class, and finally checks Object. This lookup behavior can lead to bugs if a class inadvertently accesses a fallback constant from the global namespace instead of a scoped definition.