Explain how Ruby executes code internally: From Source Code to AST, Bytecode, and YIT instructions.

Ruby code undergoes Tokenization, Parsing into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), compilation into YARV bytecode, and optional runtime translation into native machine code via JIT.

When Ruby runs a script, it processes the code through several distinct stages: 1) Tokenization: The lexer breaks the raw text into distinct syntax tokens. 2) Parsing: The parser groups tokens into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) that maps the program's structural logic. 3) Compilation: The compiler translates the AST into bytecode instructions optimized for the YARV (Yet Another Ruby VM) engine. 4) Execution: YARV executes the bytecode instructions.…