Deconstruct Pattern Matching in Ruby 3+: Value, Array, Hash, and Find patterns.

Pattern matching provides a powerful syntax to destructure and validate data using case/in constructs, supporting type, value, array, hash, and wildcards.

Pattern matching in modern Ruby moves beyond simple conditional branches. It allows you to match patterns using variable binding and type validation simultaneously. The syntax uses case with the in keyword. It supports matching precise structures: Value pattern matches direct equality; Array pattern matches ordered sequences; Hash pattern matches key-value pairs; and Find pattern searches arrays for specific sequences. Custom objects can also implement pattern matching by defining the deconstruct (for arrays) or deconstruct_keys (for hashes) methods.