How does Ruby VM instruction dispatch loop work internally?

Ruby VM runs a fetch-decode-execute loop over YARV bytecode instructions.

CRuby executes bytecode using an interpreter loop (insn entry table). Each instruction is fetched from the instruction sequence, decoded, and dispatched to a C handler. The VM maintains stack state, program counter, and frame pointers. Optimizations like direct threading and instruction caching reduce dispatch overhead in modern builds.