How does Rust optimize cache locality in large-scale systems?

Cache locality is improved by storing related data in contiguous memory, such as arrays or vectors. This allows CPUs to fetch and process data more efficiently.

Modern CPUs load memory in blocks called cache lines. When data is stored contiguously, accessing one element often brings nearby elements into the cache as well.

This leverages spatial locality:

In contrast, pointer-heavy structures such as linked lists and trees may scatter data throughout memory, causing frequent cache misses and slower execution.

For example:…