How does Scala support adaptive circuit breaker patterns in microservices?

Circuit breakers prevent cascading failures by dynamically opening or closing based on service health.

In Scala microservices, circuit breakers (often via Akka Patterns or resilience libraries) monitor failure rates and latency. When thresholds are exceeded, the circuit opens, blocking requests to unhealthy services. After a cooldown period, it enters half-open state to test recovery. This prevents cascading failures across distributed systems.