What is calibration vs discrimination in classification models?

Updated May 17, 2026

Short answer

Calibration measures probability accuracy, while discrimination measures class separation ability.

Deep explanation

A model can discriminate well (separate classes accurately) but still be poorly calibrated (incorrect probabilities). Discrimination is measured using ROC-AUC, while calibration is measured using Brier score or calibration curves. Both are important in risk-sensitive applications like healthcare.

Real-world example

A medical model correctly ranking patients by risk but overestimating probabilities.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming high ROC-AUC means good probability estimates.

Follow-up questions

  • Can a model have high AUC but poor calibration?
  • How do you fix calibration issues?

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