What is SQL Server columnstore segment elimination at storage engine level?

Segment elimination skips entire columnstore row groups based on min/max metadata.

Columnstore indexes store data in row groups of up to 1 million rows. Each segment maintains metadata like min/max values per column. During query execution, the storage engine compares predicates against this metadata and eliminates irrelevant segments before scanning. This drastically reduces IO in analytical workloads. However, segment elimination only works well when data is well ordered; random inserts reduce efficiency due to poor segment metadata clustering.