How does Scala support resilience engineering in distributed systems?

Scala supports resilience through supervision, retries, isolation, and failure-aware functional effects.

Resilience engineering in Scala is typically achieved using a combination of actor supervision (Akka), effect systems (ZIO, Cats Effect), and circuit-breaking libraries. Systems are designed around the assumption that failures are inevitable. Instead of preventing failures, Scala-based architectures isolate them using bounded contexts and supervision trees. Effect systems allow retry policies, timeout management, and interruption, ensuring controlled degradation rather than system-wide collapse.