What is Spring Boot memory model and garbage collection interaction?

Spring Boot relies on JVM memory model where heap, metaspace, and GC impact performance.

Spring applications allocate objects in heap memory. Metaspace stores class metadata. GC (G1, ZGC) manages object lifecycle. Poorly tuned caches or large object graphs cause frequent GC pauses. Proper tuning of heap size, GC strategy, and avoiding memory leaks is critical in production systems.