How does Kotlin handle high-scale backend request handling?

Kotlin backend systems use coroutines, non-blocking IO, and stateless services for scalability.

At scale, Kotlin backend systems rely on event-loop or coroutine-based concurrency models (like Ktor). Instead of one thread per request, coroutines suspend during IO operations freeing threads for other requests. Stateless services enable horizontal scaling, while caching and load balancing improve throughput.