How do Kotlin systems handle memory fragmentation in long-running services?

Memory fragmentation occurs due to uneven object lifetimes and GC allocation patterns.

Although JVM GC handles memory automatically, long-running Kotlin services can still suffer fragmentation-like behavior due to uneven object lifetimes. Short-lived objects are collected in young generation, but long-lived references accumulate in old generation. Combined with large object graphs (common in coroutine-heavy systems), this leads to inefficient memory usage and increased GC pause times.