How do Kotlin systems maintain observability in large-scale distributed applications?

Observability is achieved using structured logging, tracing, and coroutine context propagation.

In distributed systems, debugging requires observability across services. Kotlin integrates with tracing systems by propagating context through coroutine contexts. Structured logging ensures request traceability, while metrics and distributed tracing systems (like OpenTelemetry) allow end-to-end visibility. Without this, coroutine-based async systems become difficult to debug.