How does Kotlin interact with the JVM classloader system?

Kotlin relies on the JVM classloader system to load compiled bytecode at runtime.

Kotlin compiles to JVM bytecode, which is loaded by the same classloader hierarchy used for Java applications. The bootstrap, extension, and application classloaders determine how Kotlin classes are loaded. This matters in Android and backend systems when dealing with dynamic modules, plugins, or reflection. Classloading issues can cause NoClassDefFoundError or ClassCastException when multiple versions of Kotlin libraries exist.